The solar energy is converted
to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries
during day time for utilizing the same during night time. This project deals
with a controlled charging mechanism which over charge, deep discharge and
under voltage of the battery.
In this project a solar panel
is used to charge a battery. A set of op-amps are used as comparators to
continuously monitor panel voltage, load current etc. Indications are also
provided by a green LED for fully charged battery while a set of red LEDs to indicate
under charged, overloaded and deep discharge condition.
Charge controller also uses
MOSFET as power semiconductor switch to ensure cut off the load in low battery
or overload condition. A transistor is used to bypass the solar energy to a
dummy load while the battery gets fully charged. This protects the battery from
getting over charged.
Further the project can be
enhanced by using microcontroller and GSM modem to communicate the status of
the system to a control room via SMS.
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